Endangered coastlines and lifeways
About this video
Artist Courtney Leonard talks about Artifice, a work modeled on the concrete artificial reefs placed along shorelines to fight rising waters and erosion. She explains why concrete reefs are a problem and how her Shinnecock community's life on the shore, including whaling and shellfish, has been threatened by colonial laws and environmental change. She uses art to put her people's history in a place no one can take away.
You'll be able to
- explain why concrete artificial reefs are not a sustainable solution.
- describe the Shinnecock people's traditional relationship with land and water.
- identify several causes that have made the Shinnecock way of life harder to sustain.
- explain how an artist can use art as a means of acknowledgement.
Key words
- Artificial reef
- A manmade structure, often concrete, placed in the sea to encourage a reef to grow and protect the coast.
- Coastal erosion
- The wearing away of land along the shore by waves, tides and rising water.
- Sustainable
- Able to continue for a long time without using up or damaging the resources it depends on.
- Shinnecock
- An Indigenous people of Eastern Long Island whose name means people of the level land or people of the shore.
- Acknowledgement
- Openly recognizing that something or someone exists and matters.
Transcript
(jazzy music) - [Beth] We're standing in the Newark Museum with Courtney Leonard looking at a work of hers called Artifice.
- [Courtney] Artifice is a body of work that is inspired by looking at manmade, artificial reef structures being deposited along our shorelines to protect us from our rising waters and coastal erosion.
- [Beth] This form is borrowed from a form that is manmade out of concrete and put in the sea to encourage the growth of a reef but concrete is made with sand and that's where the problem comes in.
- [Courtney] It's a non-sustainable material and the majority of sand that is needed for concrete is being taken from coastal areas and shipped to China to make concrete to then be shipped back to the States to then be fashioned into coastal restoration projects.
- [Beth] So, as someone who grew up on the Shinnecock Reservation on Eastern Long Island, clearly the relationship of land and water was very important to you.
- [Courtney] Well, Shinnecock in our language translates to people of the level land or people of the shore. We were whalers but not in the sense that we had to go offshore, the whales would usually beach themselves as a gift to us in our belief system and we would go and pray for them and finish them off.
One whale would feed us through winter as a small coastal community. When the Dutch colonists came to settle on Long Island and then the English settlers, they began to pass laws that infringed on our ability to maintain ourselves. So the U.S. government banned whaling and we no longer had the ability to feed ourselves from the whale.
Why do we need reefs, why do we need our water to be clear and capable of growing healthy shellfish? The majority of our food systems and structures were related to the water and when you remove that what is our relationship to food and sustenance?
- [Beth] And so what was once a sustainable relationship for the Shinnecock people with the land, with whaling, because of the overharvesting of whales, because of global warming, because of industrial pollutants, there's a real challenge in sustaining a cultural way of life.
- [Courtney] We've lived on our traditional territory for thousands of year, we have not been relocated. I'm trying to figure out a way to use art as a means of acknowledgement. By my work being within this collection and in the American floor, I have now centered a place for our people and Shinnecock within history that no one can take away.
(jazzy music)
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