The Woodburytype - Photographic Processes Series - Chapter 9 of 12
About this video
The woodburytype, invented by Walter Woodbury in 1864, was a photomechanical process that produced continuous-tone images that looked like photographs but could be made on a press in large numbers. A light-hardened gelatin relief was pressed into a lead sheet to make a mould, and warm pigmented gelatin was then cast into that mould against paper.
You'll be able to
- explain why the woodburytype was called a photomechanical process.
- describe how the lead mould was made and how the image was cast.
- explain why a woodburytype is not strictly called a photograph.
Key words
- Woodburytype
- A process invented by Walter Woodbury in 1864 that casts pigmented gelatin images from a lead mould.
- Photomechanical process
- A method that combines photography with a printing press to make images.
- Continuous tone
- Smooth shading from dark to light without visible dots or lines.
- Relief
- A surface with high and low spots.
- Mould
- A shape with hollows that a soft material is pressed into to form an object or image.
Transcript
When the woodburytype process came along it suddenly became possible to produce things that looked like photographs. They had all the believability and the detail and the truthyness, if you will, of a real photograph. But they could be made on a printing press, and made even more easily, in even greater quantity for even less money.
This process was invented in 1864 by Walter Woodbury. It is a photomechanical process that combines photography and the press, that produces a continuous tone image. The woodburytype is not made by light, it is not made by chemicals. It is molded, it is made in a mold.
The mold is a sheet of lead that has depressions in the lead. Those depressions were made by something that was developed by light. A piece of gelatin, where areas of the gelatin were hardened by light, or left so they would be washed away in hot water. You ended up with this potato chip thick gelatin with relief.
Relief meaning you have high and low spots. This would be put against a piece of lead. It would be put into a press with the capability of pressing many, many tons of pressure. It would actually push that relief image into the sheet of lead. When you took it apart the lead sheet now had hills and valleys.
Then we take a dollop of warm gelatin with pigment. It is not ink, it is gelatin. You put that on the mold, you slide in a piece of paper, and press. What happens is that the warm gelatin with pigment is pushed into the mold, against the paper, and when you release the two you get a formed image.
It’s pressed, so it is actually a cast image. The mold is made with photography but the actual image itself we do not call a photograph. The woodburytype produced a beautiful seamless, poreless, precise image that really looked like a photograph. This was first used in reasonably high end publications.
It was used to convey a sense of you are there, which is what photographs have always done. It greatly surpassed any previous printing process to do that.
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