Proving angles are congruent
At about 56-62s the narrator says 'the measure of LNK is a' when he means angle LNJ (as stated before and after). He also says 'J is another right triangle' meaning a right angle at J.
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Given that line MK is parallel to line NJ, Sal proves that angle LMK (b) equals angle LNJ (a). He uses the fact that the angles of a triangle add to 180 degrees in two right triangles to show that both a and b equal 90 degrees minus c.
You'll be able to
- use the triangle angle sum to write an angle in terms of another angle.
- prove two angles are equal by showing they both equal the same expression.
- spot overlapping triangles in a diagram and use them in a proof.
Key words
- interior angles of a triangle
- The three angles inside a triangle; their measures always add up to 180 degrees.
- right angle
- An angle that measures exactly 90 degrees.
- parallel lines
- Lines in the same plane that never meet.
- proof
- A step-by-step logical argument that shows a statement must be true.
Transcript
We have an interesting looking diagram here. Let's see if we know a few things about this diagram. Let's say we know that line MK is parallel to line NJ. So this line is parallel to this line. This is line MK, this is line NJ. Now, given that and all the other information on this diagram, I'm hoping to prove that the measure of this angle LMK is equal to the measure of this angle over here and this angle is LNJ.
Another way of writing this is; the measure of LMK is b and the measure of LNK is a. So we want to prove that b is equal to a using all this information that we know. Like always I encourage you to try this on your own before I walk through it. Alright, let's walk through it.
The first thing you might see is I have a triangle formed up here, triangle MLK. What do we know about the measurement of the interior angles of a triangle? The measures of the interior angles of a triangle are going to add up to 180 degrees. We know that b, which is the measure of this angle plus the measure of this angle, c plus the measure of this right angle, which is plus 90 degrees is going to be equal to 180 degrees.
And so if we subtract 90 degrees from both sides we're going to get b plus c is equal to 180 degrees minus 90 degrees. It's going to be 90 degrees. Or if we wanted to solve explicitly for b we could subtract c from both sides, and we could write b is equal to 90 degrees minus c.
So that's interesting, that's one way of expressing b. Can we express a in a similar way? Once again, if at any point you get inspired I encourage you to do that. If we look carefully we see that we have triangle NLJ, this really big triangle, it's really most of the diagram.
What's interesting about NLJ is that J is another right triangle, c is one of the measures of one of the interior angles, and a is a measure of the other interior angle. We can write something very similar, we can write a plus c plus 90 degrees is going to be equal to 180 degrees.
So what can we do here? We can do the exact same process to solve for a. If we subtract 90 from both sides and we subtract c from both sides what do we get? We get a is equal to 90 degrees and if you subtract c from both sides you're going to get 90 degrees minus c.
Now this is interesting, b is equal to 90 degrees minus c and a is equal to 90 degrees minus c. So 90 degrees minus c is equal to a, it's also equal to b. Or, we can now say that a must be equal to b, that the measure of angle LMK which is b is equal to the measure of angle LNJ which is equal to a.
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