Proof: perpendicular radius bisects chord
About this video
The video proves that if radius OD is perpendicular to chord AC, then it bisects AC. Drawing radii OA and OC creates two right triangles that share side OM and have equal hypotenuses, so by the RSH (right angle, side, hypotenuse) postulate, or the Pythagorean theorem, the triangles are congruent and AM = CM.
You'll be able to
- prove that a radius perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord.
- use the RSH postulate to show two right triangles are congruent.
- explain why two pairs of equal sides are enough for right triangles but not for triangles in general.
Key words
- chord
- A segment joining two points on a circle.
- perpendicular
- Meeting at a right angle (90 degrees).
- bisect
- To cut into two equal parts; here, to pass through the chord's midpoint.
- reflexivity
- The idea that any segment or angle is congruent to itself.
- RSH postulate
- If two right triangles have congruent hypotenuses and one pair of congruent legs, the triangles are congruent.
Transcript
- [Instructor] So we have this circle called circle O, based on the point at its center, and we have the segment OD, and we're told that segment OD, is a radius of circle O, fair enough. We're also told that segment OD is perpendicular to this chord to chord AC, or two segment AC.
And what we wanna prove is that segment OD bisects AC. So another way to think about it, it intersects AC at AC's midpoint. So pause this video and see if you can have a go with that. All right, now let's go through this together. And the way that I'm going to do this, is by establishing two congruent triangles.
And let me draw these triangles. So I'm gonna draw one radius going from O to C and another from A to O. Now we know that the length AO is equal to OC because AO and OC, both radii. In a circle, the length of the radius does not change. So I can put that right over there.
And then we also know that OM is going to be congruent to itself, it's a side in both of these triangles. So let me just write it this way. OM is going to be congruent to OM and this is reflexivity. Reflexivity kind of obvious. It's going to be equal to itself, it's going to be congruent to itself.
So you have it just like that. And now we have two right triangles. How do I know they're right triangles? Well, they told us that segment OD is perpendicular to segment AC and our assumptions in our given. Now if you just had two triangles, that had two pairs of congruent sides that is not enough to establish congruency of the triangles.
But if you're dealing with two right triangles, then it is enough. And there's two ways to think about it. We had thought about the RSH postulate where if you have a right triangle or two right triangles, you have a pair of sides are congruent, a pair and the hypothesis are congruent that means that the two triangles are congruent.
But another way to think about it, which is a little bit of common sense is using the Pythagorean theorem. If you know two sides of a right triangle, the Pythagorean theorem would tell us that you could determine what the other side is. And so what we could say is and let's just use RSH for now, but you could also say we can use the Pythagorean theorem to establish that AM is going to be congruent to MC, but let me just write it this way.
I will write that triangle, AMO is congruent to triangle CMO by RSH. And if the triangles are congruent then the corresponding sides must be congruent. So, therefore, we know that AM, AM, segment AM is going to be, I'm having trouble writing congruent is going to be congruent to segment CM, that these are going to have the same measure.
And if they have the same measure, we have just shown that M is the midpoint of AC or that OD bisects AC. So, let me just write it that way. Therefore, OD bisects AC. Segment OD bisects segment AC and we're done.
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