Simone Martini, Maesta

0:00(cool jazz music) - [Beth] We're in the General Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena. That is we're in the room where the general council, the highest administrative body in Siena would meet. And this building is essentially the town hall, the central government building of Siena.

0:22So we're in this incredibly important room where decisions regarding things like war and peace would be made by hundreds of representatives. And we're looking at a fresco by Simone Martini of the Maesta.

0:37- [Steven] The Maesta means in majesty and that refers to the Virgin sitting with the young Jesus Christ on a throne, surrounded by apostles and saints.

0:47- [Beth] We also have angels on either side and they carry bowls with flowers that are being presented to the Virgin Mary.

0:54- [Steven] This is a Court of Heaven, and therefore there's an interesting relationship. The pairing of this Court of Heaven and the legislative council that met in this room.

1:04- [Beth] The impression of this fresco is one of incredible magnificence. We have gold, that's been stamped with beautiful patterns and the artist has inserted colored and gold glass to make the painting sparkle. And the Virgin Mary is seated on this lovely blue pillow.

1:24Her garment, was at one point much more deeply colored. These are all very expensive pigments.

1:30- [Steven] There's also a degree of elegance that is consistent with 14th century Sienese painting. The figures are elongated. Their hands are impossibly long. The noses are impossibly long. The figures are almost dance like in their presentation.

1:46- [Beth] So, just like we see in Duccio's earlier important altarpiece for the Cathedral of Siena. We see the Virgin enthroned here surrounded by saints and angels and apostles all located within the same space.

2:00- [Steven] And that is further emphasized by that beautiful canopy they all are sharing. This ceremonial space and in a sense, sharing it with the people who occupied this room and even now, in the 21st century, with us.

2:13- [Beth] Now we would be remiss if we didn't explain why the Virgin appears here in this space. First of all, we're not in a church. We're in a secular political space.

2:24- [Steven] This is the town hall of Siena.

2:26- [Beth] And the Virgin held an incredibly important role for the people, the citizens of the commune, the City of Siena. She was its protectress. She was who the people of Siena, the government of Siena, turned to for blessing and protection.

2:43- [Steven] This should not be seen as a purely religious painting. There is a real effort to make the subject matter appropriate to this civic environment.

2:52- [Beth] Three of the four local saints once held scrolls or texts that are barely visible today, likely petitions to the Virgin Mary on behalf of the government, the citizens, and that text continues below. And this is what it says, "The reply of the Virgin to the said saints: "My beloved bear it in mind "when you're devotees make honest petitions.

3:16"I will make them content as you desire, "but if the powerful do harm to the weak, "your prayers are not for these, "not for whoever deceives my land."

3:27- [Steven] Siena was a proud Republic and here the Virgin Mary is making clear that she is here to oversee the common good.

3:35- [Beth] It was important to Siena that it be ruled justly and that no one single person should be allowed to gain undue political power. The idea was a constant rotation of those who represented the citizens of Siena and the idea of just rule, which we also see in the room next door, the Room of the Nine, who were the main governing body of Siena.

4:04(cool jazz music)