Removing discontinuities (factoring)

0:00The function, f of x is equal to 6x squared plus 18x plus 12 over x squared minus 4, is not defined at x is equal to positive or negative 2. And we see why that is, if x is equal to positive or negative 2 then x squared is going to be equal to positive 4, and 4 minus 4 is 0, and then we're going to have a 0 in the denominator.

0:20And that's not defined. We don't know what that happens when you divide-- well we've never defined what happens when you divide by 0. So they say, what value should be assigned to f of negative 2 to make f of x continuous at that point? So to think about that, let's try to actually simplify f of x.

0:38So f of x-- I'll just rewrite it-- is equal to-- Actually let me just start simplifying right from the get go. So in the numerator I can factor out a 6 out of every one of those terms. So it's 6 times x squared plus 3x plus 2 over-- and the denominator, this is a difference of squares.

0:57This is x plus 2 times x minus 2. And then we can factor this expression up here. So this is going to be equal to 6 times-- let me do it a different color. So we think of two numbers and if I take their product I get 2. If I take their sum I get 3. The most obvious one is 2 and 1.

1:16So this is 6 times x plus 2 times x plus 1. When you take the product there you'll get x squared plus 3x plus 2, and then all of that over x plus 2 times x minus 2. Now, if we know that x does not equal negative 2. Then we can divide both the numerator and the denominator by x plus 2.

1:44The reason why I'm making that constraint is that if x were to be equal to negative 2 then x plus 2 is going to be equal to 0. And you won't be able to do that. You can't. We don't know what it means divide something by 0. So we could say that this is going to be equal to-- so we can divide the numerator and denominator by x plus 2 but we have to assume that x is not equal to negative 2.

2:06So this is equal to 6 times-- we're going divided by x plus 2 in the numerator, x plus 2 in the denominator-- so it's going to be 6 times x plus 1 over x minus 2. And we have to put the constraint here because now we've changed it. Now this expression over here is actually defined at x equals negative 2.

2:32But in order to be equivalent to the original function we have to constrain it. So we will say for x not equal to negative 2. And it's also obvious that x can't be equal to 2 here. This one also isn't defined at positive 2 because you're dividing by 0. So you could say, for x does not equal to positive or negative 2 if you want to make it very explicit.

2:57But they ask us, what could we assign f of negative 2 to make the function continuous at the point? Well the function is completely equivalent to this expression except that the function is not defined at x equals negative 2. So that's why we have to put that constraint here if we wanted this to be the same thing as our original function.

3:19But if we wanted to re-engineer the function so it is continuous at that point then we just have to set f of x equal to whatever this expression would have been when x is equal to negative 2. So let's think about that. Let's think about that. So 6 times negative 2 plus 1 over negative 2 minus 2 is equal to-- this is 6 times negative 1.

3:47So it's negative 6 over negative 4, which is equal to 3/2. So if we redefine f of x, if we say f of x is equal to 6x squared plus 18x plus 12 over x squared minus 4. For x not equal positive or negative 2, and it's equal to 3/2 for x equals negative 2. Now this function is going to be the exact same thing as this right over here.

4:32This f of x, this new one. This new definition-- this extended definition of our original one-- is now equivalent to this expression, is equal to 6 times x plus 1 over x minus 2. But just to answer their question, what value should be assigned to f of negative 2 to make f of x continuous to that point?

4:51Well f of x should be-- or f of negative 2 should be 3/2.